As a group, they could be described by such epithets as (tansphoroi, long-ankled). Why is she being assassinated or think she is? . Caldwell, p. 49 n. 359, see also West 1966, p. 267 359. The Oceanids are the nymphs who were the three thousand (a number interpreted as meaning "innumerable") daughters of the Titans Oceanus and Tethys. XANTHE The Okeanis "yellow" or "yellow-brown" was probably either a Naias of a muddy flowing stream, or the Nephele of the yellowed clouds of dawn and dusk. Styx was the goddess of one of the Underworlds most infamous rivers. "[Comedy-Play :] Come, oh! Historians often interpret these Oceanids based on their names as much as the contexts of their stories. "[Chorus of Okeanides :] Nor may I be slow to approach the gods, with holy sacrifices of oxen slain, by the side of the ceaseless stream of Okeanos (Oceanus), my father; and may I not offend [Zeus] in speech; but may this rule abide in my heart and never fade away. Another distinct and quite well-known classification of nymphs were the Nereids, who were sea nymphs and were the fifty daughters of the Old Man of the Sea Nereus, who . They are Peitho, Admete, Ianthe and Elektra, Doris and Prymno and Ourania like a goddess, Hippo and Klymene, Rhodeia and Kallirhoe, Zeuxo and Klytia, and Idyia and Pasithoe, Plexaura and Galaxaura and lovely Dione, Melobosis and Thoe, and Polydora the shapely, Kerkeis of the lovely stature, and ox-eyed Plouto, Xanthe and Akaste, Perseis and Ianeira, Petraie the lovely, and Menestho, and Europa, Metis and Eurynome, Telesto robed in saffron, Khryseis, and Asia, and alluring Kalypso, Eudora and Tykhe, and Amphiro and Okyroe, and Styx, who among them all has the greatest eminence. Sculptures of the subject are comparable to the paintings in some respects. NEPHELE (3) The Okeanis Nymphe "cloud" was one of the virgin Nephelai attendants of the goddess Artemis. Others, however, were less clear. Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 4.1410ff. Hesiod, Theogony 507ff. KETO (Ceto) The Okeanis "sea-monster" was a love of the god Helios. Those of Okeanos (Oceanus) and Tethys were called Okeanides (Oceanids) : Asia, Styx, Elektra, Doris, Eurynome, Amphitrite, and Metis. She was probably one of the Nephelai. Greek philosophy, however, strongly believed in the need for balance and checks. Gantz, Timothy. While some were important figures, most were not. ", Nonnus, Dionysiaca 38. Not all experts agree on the number of oceans on our planet. Fairclough) (Roman bucolic C1st B.C.) Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 631 ff (trans. Poseidon and some Titans married Oceanids while other gods, such as Helios, took many as lovers. None of her brothers attended, however. PDF IIII Oceanus - The Kosmos Society Although the Oceanids were identified as a group of sisters, they were not unified in their importance, roles, or domains. Some were associated with other elements, things, or places. Ambhl, Annemarie. Though this is generally titled The Oceanides (Opus 73), Sibelius referred to it in his diary as Aallottaret: the Finnish word for "nymphs of the waves".[43]. GALAXAURA The Okeanis Nymphe "milky breeze" was probably the Aura or Nephele of the mist-clearing breeze. Nymphae. In A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Others married other prominent gods and characters. The Oceanids continued to feature in later Greek literaturefor instance, in the Dionysiaca, an epic poem about the early life of Dionysus composed by Nonnus (fifth century CE). She was the mother of the Erythian (Spanish) giant Geryon. PRYMNO The Okeanis "root" or "undermost" was probably the Naias Nymphe of groundwater, or the waters of a deep well. [42], A musical interpretation of these mythical figures was the result of the visit by Jean Sibelius to the USA in 1914, before which he was commissioned to compose a tone poem. Hesiod, Theogony 346 ff (trans. Even then, it is often difficult to tell what type of goddess an Oceanid was. They were playmates of Persephone, the daughter of Demeter, and were even said to be playing with her in a meadow when Hades kidnapped her and took her to be his bride in the Underworld. EUDORA The Okeanis "good-gifts" was perhaps a Nephele of good downfalls of rain or the Naias of a generously flowing spring. The children of Perseis were known to be destructive as well. "[Persephone tells Demeter of her abduction :] All we were playing in a lovely meadow, [the Okeanides (Oceanids)] Leukippe and Phaino and Elektra and Ianthe, Melita also and Iakhe with Rhodea and Kallirhoe and Melobosis and Tykhe and Okyrhoe, fair as a flower, Khryseis, Ianeira, Akaste and Admete and Rhodope and Plouto and charming Kalypso; Styx too was there and Ourania and lovely Galaxaura with Pallas [Athena] who rouses battles and Artemis delighting in arrows: we were playing and gathering sweet flowers in our hands, soft crocuses mingled with irises and hyacinths, and rose-blooms and lilies, marvellous to see, and the narcissus which the wide earth caused to grow yellow as a crocus.", Callimachus, Hymn 3 to Artemis 12 ff (trans. "The Titanes (Titans) had children. The Aurai The breeze nymphs were sometimes said to be the daughters of the wind gods, but were more often called Oceanids. [1.3] ASIA, STYX, ELEKTRA, DORIS, EURYNOME, AMPHITRITE, METIS, EIDYIA, MELIA, MELIBOEA, PLEIONE, KALLIRRHOE (Apollodorus 1.8, 1.6, 1.13, 1.29, 2.1, 2.106, 3.96, 3.110) 8 (trans. An earlier form of the Oceanids name was (keannai). These minor deities were associated with a number of freshwater sources. Has someone come to this crag at the edge of the world to stare at my sufferings--or with what motive? to 2nd A.D.) : Homeric Hymn 2 to Demeter 5 ff (trans. She [Tethys] brought forth also a race apart of daughters [the Okeanides (Oceanids)], who with lord Apollon and the Rivers have the young in their keeping all over the earth, since this right from Zeus is given them. [13] Doris was the wife of the sea-god Nereus, and the mother of the fifty sea nymphs, the Nereids. . The oldest, and longest such list, given by the late 8th-early 7th century BC Greek poet Hesiod, names 41 Oceanids. 115ca. As he [Phaethon son of Helios and Klymene] sprang from the childbed, the daughters of Okeanos cleansed him, Klymene's son, in his grandsire's waters, and wrapt him in swaddlings. Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 555 ff (trans. 337-70; Caldwell, p. 48; Most, p. 31. The Styx, one of the rivers of the Greek Underworld, was named after the Oceanid Styx. There are also many other types of Nymphs - such as the "Oceanids" (as you can probably guess, from the Ocean) and the "Nephalai", which inhabited clouds and rain. A Naiad - John William Waterhouse (1849-1917) -PD-art-100 wORSHIP OF nYMPHS : Orphic Hymn 51 to the Nymphs (trans. "[Chorus of Okeanides :] Never, oh never, immortal Moirai (Fates), may you see me the partner of the bed of Zeus, and may I be wedded to no bridegroom who descends to me from heaven. Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 115-285 (trans. "Chorus [of Okeanides] : I mourn your unfortunate fate, Prometheus. 2023. LEUKIPPE (Leucippe) The Okeanis "White-Horse" was probably the Nephele or Aura of fast moving clouds, or the Naias of a frothy white spring or mountain stream. He and his wife, the Titanide Tethys, were the parents of 3,000 Oceanids daughters, who were sisters to the Potamoi River Gods frequently mentioned throughout Greek mythology. She was often associated with terrible sea monsters sharing the same name. My name is Mike and for as long as I can remember (too long!) Leuce was transformed into a white poplar tree that stood in the Elysian Fields after he abducted her to the Underworld. Although their Nereid counterparts only numbered 50 in comparison, the Oceanids represented a nearly limitless variety of goddesses and levels of power. Stuttgart: Metzler, 18931980. [40] Henri Laurens created a bronze Ocanide in 1933 which was equally suited for outdoor display. Doris married the sea god Nereus and gave birth to the fifty Nereids. Because of this, she was often pictured at Heras side in images of the Judgment of Paris. Her sister was Europe. Attributed to the C Painter (ca. She was the wife or mother of the Titan Prometheus. [10] Of these 26 names, only nine are found in Hesiod, the Homeric Hymn, or Apollodorus. Hesiod, Theogony 358, 886ff, 924ff; Apollodorus, Library 1.2.1, 1.3.6. The oldest daughters of Oceanus were counted among the Titanesses. ", Pseudo-Hyginus, Preface (trans. What Were the Hamadryads in Greek Mythology? Holy, oblique, who swiftly soar through air, fountains, and dews, and winding streams your care, seen and unseen, who joy with wandering wide, and gentle course through flowery vales to glide; with Pan exulting on the mountains' height, inspired, and stridulous, whom woods delight: Nymphai odorous, robed in white, whose streams exhale the breeze refreshing, and the balmy gale: with goats and pastures pleased, and beasts of prey, nurses of fruits, unconscious of decay. Within the Greek pantheon, nymphs are most easily classified as minor goddesses associated with elements of nature and specific locations. As of June 8, 2021 the Southern Ocean is now recognized as the fifth body of water and is located near Antarctica. Their brothers were the three thousand Potamoi, or Rivers.[4]. EURYNOME 1 The Okeanis Nymphe of "broad-pastures". The Anthousai The flower nymphs were among the most delicate and elusive of the Oceanids. These included Keto, Clymene, Clytia, and Merope. [15] Others appear to be geographical eponyms, such as Europa, Asia, Ephyra (Corinth), and Rhodos (Rhodes).[16]. . Keto was a lover of Helios, but her name also had negative connotations. Some nymphs in Greek mythology were famous, but others were only known in a certain time What Was Prometheuss Punishment for Giving Fire to Humans? Oceanus Greek God - The History Junkie OURANIA (Urania) The "heavenly-one" was probably an Okeanis Nephele (of the clouds). Her status as an Oceanid was secondary to her function. Weir Smyth) (Greek tragedy C5th B.C.) [1] Hesiod goes on to say that these "are the eldest but there are many besides" and that there were "three thousand" Oceanids,[2] a number interpreted as meaning "innumerable". Her father united the girl to the heavenly charioteer. IANTHE The Okeanis of "violet flowers" or the colour "violet". EIDYIA (Idyia) The Okeanis "seeing" or "knowing" was the wife of King Aeetes of Kolkhis (Colchis). "She [Persephone] was playing with the deep-bosomed [Okeanides] daughters of Okeanos (Oceanus) and gathering flowers over a soft meadow, roses and crocuses and beautiful violets, irises also and hyacinths and the narcissus. As the goddesses of wealth and fortune, each was widely worshipped throughout Ancient Greece. Who of the gods is so hard of heart as to exult in this? Often attached to bodies of water. [33], Later artists reinterpreted the nymphs tumbling among the waves, as depicted by both painters, in order to portray individual Oceanids as female manifestations of sea foam. -Callimachus, Hymn 3 to Artemis 40 ff (trans Mair). A few of the Oceanids played an individual role in Greek mythology. [6] Though most nymphs were considered to be minor deities, many Oceanids were significant figures. The Oceanids: The Lovers of the Gods (Updated 2022) - Mythology Source I am the owner and chief researcher at this site. The one at Liyue is particularly lying low and lives in pure water, but most thing she seems to want is "freedom". Some of the Oceanids married well-known Titans. She was probably one of the Nephelai, an ethereal goddess. [4], The Oceanids are not easily categorized, nor confined to any single function,[5] not even necessarily associated with water. While Oceanids were freshwater nymphs, Nereids presided in saltwater as served as companions to Zeus. While it was often said that Oceanus and Tethys had three thousand daughters, their actual number was incalculable. Like Metis, the Oceanids also . "[Artemis addresses Zeus :] And give me sixty Okeanines (daughters of Okeanos) [Oceanids] for my choir--all nine years old, all maidens yet ungirdled.", Callimachus, Hymn 3 to Artemis 40 ff : Clymene was married to the Titan Iapetus and was the mother of four Titan sons: Prometheus, Epimetheus, Atlas, and Menoitius. olive crown. Prometheus : Alas! Their numbers included the Nephelai (Cloud-Nymphs), Aurai (Breeze-Nymphs), Naiades (Spring and Fountain Nymphs), Leimonides (Pasture Nymphs), and Anthousai (Flower Nymphs). Many of the Oceanids had important consorts or children. Mair) (Greek poet C3rd B.C.) The Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian are the most commonly known. During the times of the Ancient Greeks, the Oceanids were believed to be the daughters of Oceanus. Why is this an assumption? The Oceanids. 456/455 BCE), features a chorus of Oceanids. Some were even associated with the underworld. The fifty Nereids controlled the salty . Attic black-figure tripod showing the birth of Athena, the daughter of Zeus and the Oceanid Metis, from the head of Zeus. For example, Idyia was King Aeetes wife and the mother of Medea, a murderous witch. O Nysiai [Nysiades], insane (manikoi), whom oaks delight, lovers of spring, Paionian virgins bright; with Bakkhos and with Deo [Demeter] hear my prayer, and to mankind abundant favour bear; propitious listen to your suppliant's voice, come, and benignant in these rites rejoice; give plenteous seasons and sufficient wealth, and pour in lasting streams, continued health.". One, four or five, depending on whom you ask. [7] The Oceanid Doris, like her mother Tethys, was an important sea-goddess. KLYMENE 2 (Clymene) The Okeanis of fame was the mother of the Phaethon by Helios the sun. Some personified specific concepts as daimones. [5] Callimachus claims that Artemis, goddess of nature and wild things, asked her father Zeus for sixty Oceanids to serve as her attendants.[6]. : Homeric Hymn 2 to Demeter 415 ff (trans. If one sister was overabundant in any way, one of her sisters would be able to ensure balance was maintained. The Hesperides in Greek Mythology - Greek Legends and Myths [9] Hyginus, at the beginning of his Fabulae, lists sixteen names, while elsewhere he gives the names of ten others. MELIBOIA (2) (Meliboea) An Okeanis loved by the Syrian River-God Orontes. Electra was married to the sea god Thaumas and the mother of Harpies as well as the messenger goddess Iris. Doris was married to the sea god Nerus, and the two were the parents of the 50 Nereids, or saltwater sea nymphs. June 3, 2022 Les Oceanides, by Gustave Dore, 1860. [2], In ancient art, the Oceanids were depicted as beautiful young women, often scantily clad. Io: I do not know how to refuse you. She may be the same as Klytia. Most Oceanids or water nymphs were thought to be friendly and kind goddesses who benefitted society in a particular way. In Ancient Greece, every element in the world was associated with a deity, or god. Oceanids could be associated with many domains beyond the sea. Of the two, Peitho was the most renowned. Homer, Odyssey 10.135ff; Hesiod, Theogony 956; Apollodorus, Library 1.9.1; John Tzetzes on Lycophrons Alexandra 174, 798, 1024, Chiliades 4.358; cf. And the maiden [Artemis] fared unto the white mountain of Crete leafy with woods; thence unto Oceanus; and she chose many Nymphs all nine years old, all maidens yet ungirdled. Okeanides formed the chorus in Aeschylus' play Prometheus Bound in which they sympathize with the plight of the chained Titan and prompt him to tell his story. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The Nephalai The goddesses of clouds and rain fed their brothers, the river gods, by carrying water from their fathers wide river at the edges of the world. Both parents were the children of Gaia and Uranus. Lehmanns painting was savaged as lacking in Classical decorum by the critics of the Salon at which it was exhibited; in particular, the nymphs clustered about the sea-girt rock on which Prometheus is chained were compared to a troop of young seals clambering onshore. However, since Greek philosophers were strong advocates of the need for checks and balances, some Oceanids also had more negative connotations. However, Zeus swallowed her after a prophecy revealed their son would overpower him. The Oceanids were born to the Titans Oceanus and Tethys, two early sea gods. . The Oceanids were one of the largest, most diverse groups of Greek deities. How many oceans are there? - NOAA's National Ocean Service The role of the Oceanids in Orphism can be gleaned from the Orphic Hymns (third century BCE to second century CE), especially the fiftieth Hymn (the Hymn to the Nymphs). A NEW OCEAN has appeared on the maps of the National Geographic Society, an American research and conservation organisation. Purity comes up a lot: Rhodeia and Urania share his battle line: Contamination must be washed away ! Woodstock 1969 On August 15 1969, half a million people descended on a dairy farm in Bethel, New York, for the first Woodstock festival.
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